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Waveplate Thickness Calculator

Calculate required crystal thickness for waveplates of any retardance order.

Model: Exact

d = (m + f)·λ / |ne − no|

f = fraction of a wave (¼ for a quarter-wave plate), m = order (0 for a zero-order plate), Δn at the design wavelength.

Sellmeier fit: G. Ghosh, Opt. Commun. 163, 95 (1999), doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00091-7; 198–2053 nm, room temperature.

|Δn| at the design λ

0.00916

positive crystal: optic axis slow

Zero-order thickness

15.011 µm

Order-10 thickness

615.46 µm

10.25 waves

Compound zero order

615.46 − 600.45 µm

two plates, axes crossed; same retardance as the zero-order plate

Retardance against wavelength, folded to one wave (both plates designed at λ)

Model and references

Exact. The equations are exact within the stated assumptions, or are a standard's tabulated values. The results are as good as the inputs. About the tiers

d = (m + f)λ/|Δn| for a plate with its optic axis in the faces at normal incidence; Δn(λ) from published Sellmeier fits. Compound plates: axes crossed, d₁ − d₂. Not modelled: tilt, temperature.

  1. Hecht E. (2002). Optics, 4th ed., §8.4 Birefringence and §8.7 Retarders. Addison-Wesley.
  2. Ghosh G. (1999). Dispersion-equation coefficients for the refractive index and birefringence of calcite and quartz crystals. Opt. Commun. 163, 95–102. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00091-7
  3. Dodge M. J. (1984). Refractive properties of magnesium fluoride. Appl. Opt. 23, 1980–1985. doi:10.1364/AO.23.001980
  4. Malitson I. H., Dodge M. J. (1972). Refractive index and birefringence of synthetic sapphire. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 1405 (abstract); formula in Dodge M. J. (1986), Handbook of Laser Science and Technology vol. IV, part 2, p. 30, CRC Press.
  5. Lomheim T. S., DeShazer L. G. (1978). Optical-absorption intensities of trivalent neodymium in the uniaxial crystal yttrium orthovanadate. J. Appl. Phys. 49, 5517–5522: YVO₄ dispersion formula. doi:10.1063/1.324471
  6. Zelmon D. E., Small D. L., Jundt D. (1997). Infrared corrected Sellmeier coefficients for congruently grown lithium niobate and 5 mol% magnesium oxide-doped lithium niobate. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 3319–3322. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.14.003319
  7. DeVore J. R. (1951). Refractive indices of rutile and sphalerite. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 41, 416–419. doi:10.1364/JOSA.41.000416
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